Ocean acidification and host-pathogen interactions: Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, encountering Vibrio tubiashii
Bacterial infection of blue mussels increased under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)
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Early reproductive stages in the crustose coralline alga Phymatolithon lenormandii are strongly affected by mild acidification
In the early life stages of a coralline alga, mortality and growth abnormalities increased with small changes in pH. However, rate of growth remained similar, potentially by re-directing energy from other life processes. (Laboratory study)
Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increase carbon dioxide
When embryos of a common estuarine fish—the inland silverside—were exposed to high CO2 levels until one week after hatching, survival dropped by 74 percent and length by 18 percent. The eggs were more vulnerable to mortality than the post-hatch larvae. The CO2 conditions that were simulated in the study are ...
Effects of ocean acidification on early life stages of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and mussel (Mytilus edulis)
When larvae of blue mussels were kept in ocean acidification conditions predicted for 2100 (pH 7.6) there was no marked effect on fertilization, development, abnormalities, or feeding. However, although the mussel larvae were able to form shells, after two months of exposure they were 28 percent smaller than larvae raised ...
Effects of CO2- induced seawater acidification on the health of Mytilus edulis.
Blue mussels exposed to highly acidified seawater for sixty days were able to protect their body tissues involved in reproduction, digestion, and respiration. However, the physiological defenses take energy away from other life processes, meaning that long-term exposure to ocean acidification may result in reduced growth and health of blue ...
Elevated level of carbon dioxide affects metabolism and shell formation in oysters Crassostrea virginica
Juvenile oysters living in acidified seawater had higher mortality rates and less growth of shell and soft-body tissues. They also had higher metabolic rates, likely because of the higher energy cost of maintaining their body chemistry. The high-CO2 conditions also reduced the hardness and fracture toughness of the shells. (Laboratory ...
Effects of increased sea water concentrations of CO2 on growth of the bivalve Mytilus edulis L
Blue mussels in pH 7.1 seawater for 44 days had reduced shell growth, and those in pH 6.8 virtually stopped growing. In less acidified water—pH 7.4 or 7.6—shell growth was not significantly reduced.
Effects of ocean acidification on the immune respone of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Blue mussels in acidified seawater for 32 days had suppressed immune responses. (Laboratory study)
Reduced pH sea water disrupts chemo-responsive behaviour in an intertidal crustacean
Ocean acidification conditions interfered with the chemoreception, or "smelling", that hermit crabs use to find shells and prey. The hermit crabs moved less, had lower flicking rates of their antennae (a ‘sniffing’ behavior in decapods), and were less successful in locating the odor source. (Laboratory study)
Ocean acidification induces multi-generational decline in copepod naupliar production with possible conflict for reproductive resource allocation.
A species of copepod (Tisbe battagliai) had decreased reproduction and growth when exposed to ocean acidification conditions. Over time, these changes could result in smaller brood sizes, smaller females, and perhaps later maturing females, which could destabilize the food web. (Laboratory study)
