This study investigated how 16 intertidal seaweed species from southern Spain used inorganic carbon under different levels of ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

The heat tolerance of a crab species was affected higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. (Laboratory study)

Juvenile Atlantic cod exposed to ocean acidification conditions for 55 days had reduced weight gain, growth rate, and condition. Growth trajectories of those living in medium and high acidification levels were 2.5 and 7.5 times lower than that of those in the low acidification level. The findings suggest that Atlantic ...

This study investigated the response of metamorphosing larvae of a tubeworm species (Hydroides elegans) to two climate change stressors—ocean acidification (pH 7.6) and low oxygen (hypoxia)—and to both combined. (Laboratory study)

Unlike most marine invertebrates, the common slipper shell broods its embryos in capsules. This study found that the capsules do not protect the embryos from ocean acidification. When brooded under ocean acidification conditions, larvae had shells that were 6 percent shorter, and the percentage of larvae with abnormalities was 1.5- ...

Vegetative growth and production of gametes by kelp from the North Sea (Germany) increased under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

When a green seaweed was grown in tidepools for 31 days under ocean acidification conditions, it grew more and had slightly enhanced photosynthesis.

Ocean acidification may alter the biogeographical distribution of a non-calcifying red alga by affecting its photosynthesis and growth. (Laboratory study)

When eelgrass was grown for a year under ocean acidification conditions in outdoor aquaria, they had greater reproductive output, below-ground biomass, and proliferation of new shoots. The findings suggest that ocean acidification will increase the productivity of seagrass meadows. (Laboratory study)

Experiments with deep-sea and shallow-water crab species from the U.S. west coast indicated that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and have reduced metabolic rates, lack the short-term acid–base regulatory capacity to cope with the sudden, large increases in carbon dioxide that would occur if carbon dioxide ...