King scallops in Norway clapped their shells (an escape response) with less force after being exposed to ocean acidification conditions for at least 30 days. The number of claps was unchanged, however. Ocean acidification also narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops, resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes. These ...

Ocean acidification conditions and warmer temperatures reduced the survival, development, growth, and lipid synthesis of hard clam and bay scallop larvae. During the juvenile life stages, ocean acidification negatively affected juvenile eastern oysters and bay scallops, but not hard clams. Larvae were substantially more vulnerable to ocean acidication than juveniles ...

When they were exposed to air at low tide, photosynthesis by three species of intertidal seaweeds was not saturated at present-day levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). They may benefit, while exposed to air, from atmospheric CO2 rise.

Aerobic scope and cardiac performance of Atlantic halibut increased following 14–16 weeks exposure to elevated temperatures and even more so in combination with CO2-acidified seawater. However, the increase does not translate into improved growth. Instead, long-term exposure to CO2-acidified seawater reduces growth at temperatures that are frequently encountered by this ...

The Arctic spider crab (Hyas araneus) appears to have a threshold of ocean acidification beyond which it fails to acclimate. In a 10-week experiment, it had a limited ability to adjust to effects of ocean acidification with and without also experiencing a warmer temperature. (Laboratory study)

Blue mussels and ocean quahogs from the Baltic Sea appeared to tolerate wide ranges of seawater temperature and ocean acidification over a period of 13 weeks. (Laboratory study)

Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will cause corals to become increasingly rare on reef systems. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef-associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people.

Corals collected in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, exhibited a complex set of responses when exposed to ocean acidification conditions, different nutrient levels, and two different temperatures. For example, female corals were more sensitive than males to elevated CO2 levels. Considering gender and spawning may be important when considering how populations of ...

When quahogs and eastern oysters were exposed to a combination of warmer temperatures and ocean acidification for 15 weeks, shell hardness decreased in both species. By itself, ocean acidification had a small effect on the physiology and metabolism of both species, but it improved survival in oysters. (Laboratory study)

Muscle length and claw strength of green crabs decreased after the crabs had been in ocean acidification conditions (pH 7.7) for 5 months. Periwinkles tended to have weaker shells in response to acidification. Predation by green crabs on periwinkles did not appear to change under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study) ...